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Thursday 24 May 2012

ERP-SQL QUERY BANK


146
SQL QUERY BANK
1. Query for retrieving N highest paid employees FROM each Department. I
2. Query that will display the total no. of employees, and of that total the number who were
hired in 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983. II
3. Query for listing Deptno, ename, sal, SUM(sal in that dept). III
4. Matrix query to display the job, the salary for that job based on department number, and
the total salary for that job for all departments. IV
5. Nth Top Salary of all the employees. V
6. Retrieving the Nth row FROM a table. VI
7. Tree Query. VII
8. Eliminate duplicates rows in a table. VIII
9. Displaying EVERY Nth row in a table. IX
10. Top N rows FROM a table. X
11. COUNT/SUM RANGES of data values in a column. XI
12. For equal size ranges it might be easier to calculate it with DECODE(TRUNC(value/range),
0, rate_0, 1, rate_1, ...). XII
13. Count different data values in a column. XIII
14. Query to get the product of all the values of a column. XIV
15. Query to display only the duplicate records in a table. XV
16. Query for getting the following output as many number of rows in the table. XVI
17. Function for getting the Balance Value. XVII
18. Function for getting the Element Value. XVIII
19. SELECT Query for counting No of words. XIX
20. Function to check for a leap year. XX
21. Query for removing all non-numeric. XXI
22. Query for translating a column values to INITCAP. XXII
23. Function for displaying Rupees in Words. XXIII
24. Query for deleting alternate even rows FROM a table. XXIV
25. Query for deleting alternate odd rows FROM a table. XXV
26. Procedure for sending Email. XXVI
27. Alternate Query for DECODE function. XXVII
28. Create table adding Constraint to a date field to SYSDATE or 3 months later. XXVIII
29. To list all the suppliers who r supplying all the parts supplied by supplier 'S2'. XXIX
30. Query to get the last Sunday of any month. XXX
31. Query to get all those who have no children themselves. XXXI
32. Query to SELECT last N rows FROM a table. XXXII
33. SELECT with variables. XXXIII

147
34. Query to get the DB Name. XXXIV
35. Getting the current default schema. XXXV
36. Query to get all the column names of a particular table. XXXVI
37. Spool only the query result to a file in SQLPLUS. XXXVII
38. Query for getting the current SessionID. XXXVIII
39. Query to display rows FROM m to n. XXXIX
40. Query to count no. Of columns in a table. XXXX
41. Procedure to increase the buffer length. XXXXI
42. Inserting an & symbol in a Varchar2 column. XXXXII
43. Create Query to restrict the user to a single row. XXXXIII
44. Query to get the first inserted record FROM a table. XXXXIV
45. Concatenate a column value with multiple rows. XXXXV
46. Query to delete all the tables at once. XXXXVI
47. SQL Query for getting Orphan Records. XXXXVII
48. Removing Trailing blanks in a spooled file. XXXXVIII
49. Samples for executing Dynamic SQL Statements. XXXXIX
50. Differences between SQL and MS-Access. XXXXX
51. Query to display all the children, sub children of a parent. XXXXXI
52. Procedure to read/write data from/to a text file. XXXXXII
53. Query to display random number between any two given numbers. XXXXXIII
54. Time difference between two date columns. XXXXXIV
55. Display the Nth Max Sal of the Employee where Salary must be Distinct. XXXXXV
56. Display the Current username, which you have logged on. XXXXXVI
57. Will this query work if it works then what will be the output? XXXXXVII
58. Display the Count that how many columns existing in the Table? XXXXXVIII

148
I. The following query retrieves "2" highest paid employees FROM each
Department:
SELECT deptno, empno, sal
FROM emp e
WHERE
2 > ( SELECT COUNT(e1.sal)
FROM emp e1
WHERE e.deptno = e1.deptno AND e.sal < e1.sal )
ORDER BY 1,3 DESC;
II. Query that will display the total no. Of employees, and of that total the
number who were hired in 1980, 1981, 1982, and 1983. Give appropriate
column headings.
I am looking at the following output. We need to stick to this format.
Total 1980 1981 1982 1983
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------- -----------
14 1 10 2 1
SELECT COUNT (*), COUNT(DECODE(TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'),'1980', empno))
"1980",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1981', empno))
"1981",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1982', empno))
"1982",
COUNT (DECODE (TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'YYYY'), '1983', empno)) "1983"
FROM emp;
III. Query for listing Deptno, ename, sal, SUM(sal in that dept) :
SELECT adaptor, ename, sal, (SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp b WHERE a.deptno =
b.deptno)
FROM emp a
ORDER BY a.deptno;
OUTPUT:
=======
DEPTNO ENAME SAL SUM (SAL)
========= ======= ==== =========
10 KING 5000 11725
30 BLAKE 2850 10900
10 CLARK 2450 11725
10 JONES 2975 11725
30 MARTIN 1250 10900
30 ALLEN 1600 10900
30 TURNER 1500 10900
30 JAMES 950 10900
30 WARD 2750 10900
20 SMITH 8000 33000
20 SCOTT 3000 33000
20 MILLER 20000 33000

149
IV. Create a matrix query to display the job, the salary for that job based on
department number, and the total salary for that job for all departments, giving
each column an appropriate heading.
The output is as follows - we need to stick to this format:
Job Dept 10 Dept 20 Dept 30 Total
---------- --------------- ------------- ------------- ---------
ANALYST 6000 6000
CLERK 1300 1900 950 4150
MANAGER 2450 2975 2850 8275
PRESIDENT 5000 5000
SALESMAN 5600 5600
SELECT job "Job", SUM (DECODE (deptno, 10, sal)) "Dept 10",
SUM (DECODE (deptno, 20, sal)) "Dept 20",
SUM (DECODE (deptno, 30, sal)) "Dept 30",
SUM (sal) "Total"
FROM emp
GROUP BY job ;
V. 4th Top Salary of all the employees:
SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP A
WHERE
3 = (SELECT COUNT(B.SAL) FROM EMP B
WHERE A.SAL < B.SAL) ORDER BY SAL DESC;
VI. Retrieving the 5th row FROM a table :
1. SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP
WHERE ROWID = (SELECT ROWID FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM <= 5
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM EMP WHERE ROWNUM < 5)
2. SELECT * FROM EMP A
WHERE &N = (SELECT COUNT(ROWID)
FROM EMP B
WHERE A.ROWID >= B.ROWID);
VII. Tree Query :
Name Null? Type
-------------------------------------------------------------------
SUB NOT NULL VARCHAR2(4)
SUPER VARCHAR2(4)
PRICE NUMBER(6,2)
SELECT sub, super
FROM parts
CONNECT BY PRIOR sub = super
START WITH sub = 'p1';

150
VIII. Eliminate duplicates rows in a table :
DELETE FROM table_name A
WHERE ROWID > ( SELECT min(ROWID) FROM table_name B WHERE A.col = B.col);
IX. Displaying EVERY 4th row in a table : (If a table has 14 rows, 4,8,12 rows
will be selected)
SELECT *
FROM emp
WHERE (ROWID,0) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,4)
FROM emp);
X. Top N rows FROM a table : (Displays top 9 salaried people)
SELECT ename, deptno, sal
FROM (SELECT * FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC)
WHERE ROWNUM < 10;
XI. How does one count/sum RANGES of data values in a column? A value x will
be between values y and z if GREATEST(x, y) = LEAST(x, z).
SELECT
f2,
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,59), least(f1,100), 1, 0)) "Range 60-100",
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,30), least(f1, 59), 1, 0)) "Range 30-59",
COUNT(DECODE(greatest(f1,29), least(f1, 0), 1, 0)) "Range 00-29"
FROM my_table
GROUP BY f2;
XII. For equal size ranges it migth be easier to calculate it with
DECODE(TRUNC(value/range), 0, rate_0, 1, rate_1, ...).
SELECT ename "Name", sal "Salary",
DECODE( TRUNC(sal/1000, 0), 0, 0.0,
1, 0.1,
2, 0.2,
3, 0.3) "Tax rate"
FROM emp;
XIII. How does one count different data values in a column?
COL NAME DATATYPE
----------------------------------------
DNO NUMBER
SEX CHAR
SELECT dno, SUM(DECODE(sex,'M',1,0)) MALE,
SUM(DECODE(sex,'F',1,0)) FEMALE,
COUNT(DECODE(sex,'M',1,'F',1)) TOTAL
FROM t1
GROUP BY dno;
XIV. Query to get the product of all the values of a column :
SELECT EXP(SUM(LN(col1))) FROM bias_table;

151
XV. Query to display only the duplicate records in a table:
SELECT num
FROM satyam
GROUP BY num
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1;
XVI. Query for getting the following output as many number of rows in the
table :
*
**
***
****
*****
SELECT RPAD(DECODE(temp,temp,'*'),ROWNUM,'*')
FROM bias_table1;
XVII. Function for getting the Balance Value :
FUNCTION F_BALANCE_VALUE
(p_business_group_id number, p_payroll_action_id number,
p_balance_name varchar2, p_dimension_name varchar2) RETURN NUMBER
IS
l_bal number;
l_defined_bal_id number;
l_assignment_action_id number;
BEGIN
SELECT assignment_action_id
INTO l_assignment_action_id
FROM
pay_assignment_actions
WHERE
assignment_id = :p_assignment_id
AND payroll_action_id = p_payroll_action_id;
SELECT
defined_balance_id
INTO
l_defined_bal_id
FROM
pay_balance_types pbt,
pay_defined_balances pdb,
pay_balance_dimensions pbd
WHERE
pbt.business_group_id = p_business_group_id
AND UPPER(pbt.balance_name) = UPPER(p_balance_name)
AND pbt.business_group_id = pdb.business_group_id
AND pbt.balance_type_id = pdb.balance_type_id
AND UPPER(pbd.dimension_name) = UPPER(p_dimension_name)
AND pdb.balance_dimension_id = pbd.balance_dimension_id;
l_bal := pay_balance_pkg.get_value(l_defined_bal_id,l_assignment_action_id);
RETURN (l_bal);

152
exception
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
XVIII. Function for getting the Element Value :
FUNCTION f_element_value(
p_classification_name in varchar2,
p_element_name in varchar2,
p_business_group_id in number,
p_input_value_name in varchar2,
p_payroll_action_id in number,
p_assignment_id in number
)
RETURN number
IS
l_element_value number(14,2) default 0;
l_input_value_id pay_input_values_f.input_value_id%type;
l_element_type_id pay_element_types_f.element_type_id%type;
BEGIN
SELECT DISTINCT element_type_id
INTO l_element_type_id
FROM pay_element_types_f pet,
pay_element_classifications pec
WHERE pet.classification_id = pec.classification_id
AND upper(classification_name) = upper(p_classification_name)
AND upper(element_name) = upper(p_element_name)
AND pet.business_group_id = p_business_group_id;
SELECT input_value_id
INTO l_input_value_id
FROM pay_input_values_f
WHERE upper(name) = upper(p_input_value_name)
AND element_type_id = l_element_type_id;
SELECT NVL(prrv.result_value,0)
INTO l_element_value
FROM pay_run_result_values prrv,
pay_run_results prr,
pay_assignment_actions paa
WHERE prrv.run_result_id = prr.run_result_id
AND prr.assignment_ACTION_ID = paa.assignment_action_id
AND paa.assignment_id = p_assignment_id
AND input_value_id = l_input_value_id
AND paa.payroll_action_id = p_payroll_action_id;
RETURN (l_element_value);
exception
WHEN no_data_found THEN
RETURN 0;
END;
XIX. SELECT Query for counting No of words :
SELECT ename,

153
NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
VWXYZ'' ',' @'),' ',''))+1,1) word_length
FROM emp;
Explanation :
TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ','
@') -- This will translate all the characters FROM A-Z including a single quote to a
space. It will also translate a space to a @.
REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'' ','
@'),' ','') -- This will replace every space with nothing in the above result.
LENGTH(REPLACE(TRANSLATE(UPPER(RTRIM(ename)),'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWX
YZ'' ',' @'),' ',''))+1 -- This will give u the count of @ characters in the
above result.
XX. Function to check for a leap year :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION is_leap_year (p_date IN DATE) RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_test DATE;
BEGIN
v_test := TO_DATE ('29-Feb-' || TO_CHAR (p_date,'YYYY'),'DD-Mon-YYYY');
RETURN 'Y';
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN 'N';
END is_leap_year;
SQL> SELECT hiredate, TO_CHAR (hiredate, 'Day') weekday
FROM emp
WHERE is_leap_year (hiredate) = 'Y';
XXI. Query for removing all non-numeric :
SELECT
TRANSLATE(LOWER(ssn),'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz- ','')
FROM DUAL;
XXII. Query for translating a column values to INITCAP:
SELECT
TRANSLATE(INITCAP(temp),
SUBSTR(temp, INSTR(temp,'''')+1,1), LOWER(SUBSTR(temp, INSTR(temp,'''')+1)))
FROM bias_table1;
XXIII. Function for displaying Rupees in Words :
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION to_word_i
(amount IN NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2
AS
v_length INTEGER := 0;
v_num2 VARCHAR2 (50) := NULL;
v_amount VARCHAR2 (50) := TO_CHAR (TRUNC (amount));

154
v_word VARCHAR2 (4000) := NULL;
v_word1 VARCHAR2 (4000) := NULL;
TYPE myarray IS TABLE OF VARCHAR2 (255);
v_str myarray := myarray (' Thousand ',
' Lakh ',
' Crore ');
BEGIN
IF ((amount = 0) OR (amount IS NULL)) THEN
v_word := 'zero';
ELSIF (TO_CHAR (amount) LIKE '%.%') THEN
IF (SUBSTR (amount, INSTR (amount, '.') + 1) > 0) THEN
v_num2 := SUBSTR (amount, INSTR (amount, '.') + 1);
IF (LENGTH (v_num2) < 2) THEN
v_num2 := v_num2 * 10;
END IF;
v_word1 := ' AND ' || (TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_num2, LENGTH (v_num2) -
1,2), 'J'),
'JSP' ))|| ' paise ';
v_amount := SUBSTR(amount,1,INSTR (amount, '.')-1);
v_word := TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_amount, LENGTH (v_amount) -
2,3), 'J'), 'Jsp' ) || v_word;
v_amount := SUBSTR (v_amount, 1, LENGTH (v_amount) - 3);
FOR i in 1 .. v_str.COUNT
LOOP
EXIT WHEN (v_amount IS NULL);
v_word := TO_CHAR (TO_DATE (SUBSTR (v_amount, LENGTH (v_amount) -
1,2), 'J'), 'Jsp' ) || v_str (i) || v_word;
v_amount := SUBSTR (v_amount, 1, LENGTH (v_amount) - 2);
END LOOP;
END IF;
ELSE
v_word := TO_CHAR ( TO_DATE ( TO_CHAR ( amount, '999999999') , 'J'),
'JSP');
END IF;
v_word := v_word || ' ' || v_word1 || ' only ';
v_word := REPLACE (RTRIM (v_word), ' ', ' ');
v_word := REPLACE (RTRIM (v_word), '-', ' ');
RETURN INITCAP (v_word);
END to_word_i;
XXIV. Query for deleting alternate even rows FROM a table :
DELETE
FROM bias_table
WHERE (ROWID,0) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,2)
FROM bias_table);
XXV. Query for deleting alternate odd rows FROM a table :
DELETE
FROM bias_table
WHERE (ROWID,1) IN (SELECT ROWID, MOD(ROWNUM,2)
FROM bias_table);

155
XXVI. Procedure for sending Email :
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Send_Mail
IS
sender VARCHAR2(50) := 'sender@something.com';
recipient VARCHAR2(50) := 'recipient@something.com';
subject VARCHAR2(100) := 'Test Message';
message VARCHAR2(1000) := 'This is a sample mail ....';
lv_mailhost VARCHAR2(30) := 'HOTNT002';
l_mail_conn utl_smtp.connection;
lv_crlf VARCHAR2(2):= CHR( 13 ) || CHR( 10 );
BEGIN
l_mail_conn := utl_smtp.open_connection (lv_mailhost, 80);
utl_smtp.helo ( l_mail_conn, lv_mailhost);
utl_smtp.mail ( l_mail_conn, sender);
utl_smtp.rcpt ( l_mail_conn, recipient);
utl_smtp.open_data (l_mail_conn);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'FROM: ' || sender || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'To: ' || recipient || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, 'Subject:' || subject || lv_crlf);
utl_smtp.write_data ( l_mail_conn, lv_crlf || message);
utl_smtp.close_data(l_mail_conn);
utl_smtp.quit(l_mail_conn);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error');
END;
XXVII. Alternate Query for DECODE function :
SELECT case
WHEN sex = 'm' THEN 'male'
WHEN sex = 'f' THEN 'female'
ELSE 'unknown'
END
FROM mytable;
XXVIII. Create table adding Constraint to a date field to SYSDATE or 3 months
later:
CREATE TABLE bias_table(dt1 date DEFAULT SYSDATE, dt2 date,
CONSTRAINT check_dt2 CHECK ((dt2 >= dt1) AND (dt2 <=
ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,3)));
XXIX. Query to list all the suppliers who supply all the parts supplied by
supplier 'S2' :
SELECT DISTINCT a.SUPP
FROM ORDERS a
WHERE a.supp != 'S2'
AND a.parts IN
(SELECT DISTINCT PARTS FROM ORDERS WHERE supp = 'S2')
GROUP BY a.SUPP
HAVING
COUNT(DISTINCT a.PARTS) >=
(SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT PARTS) FROM ORDERS WHERE supp = 'S2');
Table : orders

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SUPP PARTS
-------------------- -------
S1 P1
S1 P2
S1 P3
S1 P4
S1 P5
S1 P6
S2 P1
S2 P2
S3 P2
S4 P2
S4 P4
S4 P5
XXX. Query to get the last Sunday of any month :
SELECT NEXT_DAY(LAST_DAY(TO_DATE('26-10-2001','DD-MM-YYYY')) - 7,'sunday')
FROM DUAL;
XXXI. Query to get all those who have no children themselves :
table data :
id name parent_id
-------------------------------
1 a NULL - the top level entry
2 b 1 - a child of 1
3 c 1
4 d 2 - a child of 2
5 e 2
6 f 3
7 g 3
8 h 4
9 i 8
10 j 9
SELECT ID
FROM MY_TABlE
WHERE PARENT_ID IS NOT NULL
MINUS
SELECT PARENT_ID
FROM MY_TABlE;
XXXII. Query to SELECT last N rows FROM a table :
SELECT empno FROM emp WHERE ROWID in
(SELECT ROWID FROM emp
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM emp WHERE ROWNUM <= (SELECT COUNT(*)-5 FROM emp));
XXXIII. SELECT with variables:
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE disp
AS
xTableName varchar2(25):='emp';
xFieldName varchar2(25):='ename';

157
xValue NUMBER;
xQuery varchar2(100);
name varchar2(10) := 'CLARK';
BEGIN
xQuery := 'SELECT SAL FROM ' || xTableName || ' WHERE ' || xFieldName ||
' = ''' || name || '''';
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(xQuery);
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE xQuery INTO xValue;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(xValue);
END;
XXXIV. Query to get the DB Name:
SELECT name FROM v$database;
XXXV. Getting the current default schema :
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CURRENT_SCHEMA') FROM DUAL;
XXXVI. Query to get all the column names of a particular table :
SELECT column_name
FROM all_tab_columns
WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'ORDERS';
XXXVII. How do I spool only the query result to a file in SQLPLUS :
Place the following lines of code in a file and execute the file in SQLPLUS :
set heading off
set feedback off
set colsep ' '
set termout off
set verify off
spool c:\chaitu.txt
SELECT empno,ename FROM emp; /* Write your Query here */
spool off
/
XXXVIII. Query for getting the current SessionID :
SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','SESSIONID') Session_ID FROM DUAL;
XXXIX. Query to display rows FROM m to n :
To display rows 5 to 7 :
SELECT DEPTNO, ENAME, SAL
FROM EMP
WHERE ROWID IN
(SELECT ROWID FROM EMP
WHERE ROWNUM <= 7
MINUS
SELECT ROWID FROM EMP
WHERE ROWNUM < 5);

158
OR
SELECT ename
FROM emp
GROUP BY ROWNUM, ename
HAVING ROWNUM > 1 and ROWNUM < 3;
XXXX. Query to count no. Of columns in a table:
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM user_tab_columns
WHERE table_name = 'MYTABLE';
XXXXI. Procedure to increase the buffer length :
dbms_output.enable(4000); /*allows the output buffer to be increased to the
specified number of bytes */
DECLARE
BEGIN
dbms_output.enable(4000);
FOR i IN 1..400
LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i);
END LOOP;
END;
/
XXXXII. Inserting an & symbol in a Varchar2 column :
Set the following to some other character. By default it is &.
set define '~'
XXXXIII. Create Query to restrict the user to a single row :
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER TRIG_N
BEFORE UPDATE OR DELETE ON EMP
FOR EACH ROW
WHEN(OLD.EMPNO=7788)
BEGIN
RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR('-20001' ,'CANT DO ANY OPERATION ON THIS ROW');
END;
SQL> UPDATE EMP SET SAL=SAL+1 WHERE EMPNO=7788;
XXXXIV. Query to get the first inserted record FROM a table :
SELECT * FROM T_N WHERE ROWNUM=1;
XXXXV. How to concatenate a column value with multiple rows :

159
XXXXVI. Query to delete all the tables at once :
XXXXVII. SQL Query for getting Orphan Records :
XXXXVIII. How do you remove Trailing blanks in a spooled file :
Change the Environment Options Like this :
set trimspool on
set trimout on
XXXXIX. Samples for executing Dynamic SQL Statements :
Sample :1
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE CNT(P_TABLE_NAME IN VARCHAR2)
AS
SqlString VARCHAR2(200);
tot number;
BEGIN
SqlString:='SELECT COUNT(*) FROM '|| P_TABLE_NAME;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE SqlString INTO tot;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total No.Of Records In ' || P_TABLE_NAME || ' ARE=' || tot);
END;
Sample :2
DECLARE
sql_stmt VARCHAR2(200);
plsql_block VARCHAR2(500);
emp_id NUMBER(4) := 7566;
salary NUMBER(7,2);
dept_id NUMBER(2) := 50;
dept_name VARCHAR2(14) := ’PERSONNEL’;
location VARCHAR2(13) := ’DALLAS’;
emp_rec emp%ROWTYPE;
BEGIN
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'CREATE TABLE bonus (id NUMBER, amt NUMBER)';
sql_stmt := 'INSERT INTO dept VALUES (:1, :2, :3)';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt USING dept_id, dept_name, location;
sql_stmt := 'SELECT * FROM emp WHERE empno = :id';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt INTO emp_rec USING emp_id;
plsql_block := 'BEGIN emp_pkg.raise_salary(:id, :amt); END;';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE plsql_block USING 7788, 500;
sql_stmt := 'UPDATE emp SET sal = 2000 WHERE empno = :1
RETURNING sal INTO :2';
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE sql_stmt USING emp_id RETURNING INTO salary;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno = :num'
USING dept_id;
EXECUTE IMMEDIATE ’ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE TRUE’;
END;

160
Sample 3
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE DEPARTMENTS(NO IN DEPT.DEPTNO%TYPE) AS
v_cursor integer;
v_dname char(20);
v_rows integer;
BEGIN
v_cursor := DBMS_SQL.OPEN_CURSOR;
DBMS_SQL.PARSE(v_cursor, 'select dname from dept where deptno > :x',
DBMS_SQL.V7);
DBMS_SQL.BIND_VARIABLE(v_cursor, ':x', no);
DBMS_SQL.DEFINE_COLUMN_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname, 20);
v_rows := DBMS_SQL.EXECUTE(v_cursor);
LOOP
IF DBMS_SQL.FETCH_ROWS(v_cursor) = 0 THEN
EXIT;
END IF;
DBMS_SQL.COLUMN_VALUE_CHAR(v_cursor, 1, v_dname);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Deptartment name: '||v_dname);
END LOOP;
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor);
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_SQL.CLOSE_CURSOR(v_cursor);
raise_application_error(-20000, 'Unknown Exception Raised: '||sqlcode||'
'||sqlerrm);
END;
XXXXX. Differences between SQL and MS-Access :
Difference 1:
Oracle : select name from table1 where name like 'k%';
Access: select name from table1 where name like 'k*';
Difference 2:
Access: SELECT TOP 2 name FROM Table1;
Oracle : will not work there is no such TOP key word.
XXXXXI. Query to display all the children, sub children of a parent :
SELECT organization_id,name
FROM hr_all_organization_units
WHERE organization_id in
(
SELECT ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD FROM PER_ORG_STRUCTURE_ELEMENTS
CONNECT BY PRIOR
ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD = ORGANIZATION_ID_PARENT
START WITH
ORGANIZATION_ID_CHILD = (SELECT organization_id
FROM hr_all_organization_units
WHERE name = 'EBG Corporate Group'));
XXXXXII. Procedure to read/write data from a text file :
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE read_data
AS
c_path varchar2(100) := '/usr/tmp';
c_file_name varchar2(20) := 'EKGSEP01.CSV';
v_file_id utl_file.file_type;

161
v_buffer varchar2(1022) := This is a sample text’;
BEGIN
v_file_id := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(c_path,c_file_name,'w');
UTL_FILE.PUT_LINE(v_file_id, v_buffer);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(v_file_id);
v_file_id := UTL_FILE.FOPEN(c_path,c_file_name,'r');
UTL_FILE.GET_LINE(v_file_id, v_buffer);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_buffer);
UTL_FILE.FCLOSE(v_file_id);
END;
XXXXXIII. Query to display random number between any two given numbers :
SELECT DBMS_RANDOM.VALUE (1,2) FROM DUAL;
XXXXXIV. How can I get the time difference between two date columns :
SELECT
FLOOR((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)
|| ' HOURS ' ||
FLOOR((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600)/60)
|| ' MINUTES ' ||
ROUND((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600 -
(FLOOR((((date1-date2)*24*60*60) -
FLOOR(((date1-date2)*24*60*60)/3600)*3600)/60)*60)))
|| ' SECS ' time_difference
FROM my_table;
XXXXXV. Display Nth MAX Sal of Employee where Salary must be Distinct:
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL=(SELECT SAL FROM
(SELECT DISTINCT(SAL) FROM
EMP ORDER BY SAL DESC) HAVING ROWNUM=4
GROUP BY ROWNUM, SAL)
XXXXXVI. Display Current Username which you have logged in:
1. SELECT USER FROM DUAL;
2. SELECT S.USERNAME
FROM V$PROCESS P,
V$SESSION S
WHERE P.ADDR = S.PADDR AND
S.AUDSID = USERENV('SESSIONID')
XXXXXVII. Will This Query Works and What will be the output:
1. SELECT 'A ''WRONG'' word.' FROM DUAL;
2. SELECT DISTINCT * FROM EMP;
3. SELECT ROWID ROWNUM, ENAME, SAL FROM EMP;
XXXXXVIII. Count the Columns in the table name:
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM USER_TAB_COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE 'EMP'

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